What is the primary purpose of flaps during takeoff and landing?

The primary purpose of flaps during takeoff and landing is to control airspeed and lift. Flaps are deployed to modify the wing's shape, which alters the airflow characteristics over the wing. When extended, they increase both lift and drag.

During takeoff, flaps allow an aircraft to achieve the necessary lift at lower speeds, enabling shorter takeoff distances. This is especially useful for operations from shorter runways or during challenging weather conditions. By increasing lift at lower speeds, flaps allow the aircraft to become airborne without requiring as long of a runway.

During landing, flaps serve an essential role in reducing landing speed. They provide additional lift while increasing drag, allowing the pilot to approach the runway at a slower, more manageable speed. This reduces the distance required to land and allows for a safer touchdown.

While other functions such as fuel efficiency, altitude stabilization, and roll control are important aspects of overall aircraft performance, they are not the primary reason for deploying flaps during the critical phases of takeoff and landing. The focus on controlling airspeed and generating the necessary lift is crucial for safe and effective maneuvering in these phases of flight.