What does compass deviation refer to?

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Compass deviation refers specifically to the error of a magnetic compass due to local magnetism. This phenomenon occurs when surrounding magnetic fields, often from electronic devices, metal structures, or even the ship or aircraft itself, distort the magnetic field that the compass relies on to indicate direction. This local magnetic interference causes the compass to indicate a direction that is different from the true magnetic direction, which is why it is termed deviation.

Understanding compass deviation is crucial for navigators as it directly affects the accuracy of course plotting and directional awareness. Unlike magnetic variation, which is a geographic phenomenon that reflects the difference between true north and magnetic north across different locations, deviation is unique to an individual compass and can change based on its environment. Consequently, navigators must find ways to account for or correct the deviation to ensure accurate navigation.

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