In piloting, what does pulling back on the control stick primarily affect?

Pulling back on the control stick primarily affects the elevator position. The elevator is a control surface located on the tail of the aircraft that is responsible for controlling the pitch, or the up-and-down orientation of the aircraft's nose. When a pilot pulls back on the control stick, the elevator moves upward, which increases the angle of attack of the wings. This action generates additional lift, allowing the aircraft to climb or maintain altitude.

Understanding how control inputs affect the aircraft's behavior is crucial for effective piloting. In this case, the action of pulling back on the control stick directly impacts the elevator, making it the correct answer.